In 2010, Fleming and colleagues
1
reported on the mortality patterns of North American dogs. Their findings revealed
that older dogs tend to die from neurologic and neoplastic causes. In addition, although
neoplastic processes were the leading cause of death among adult dogs in the study,
degenerative processes ranked 6th overall. Further, increasing breed size was associated
with increasing risk of death because of musculoskeletal (or gastrointestinal) system
disease. These data suggest a focus on pain management of degenerative joint disease
and cancer in the senior/geriatric pet.
KEY POINTS
- •A mechanism-based approach to pain management is the most productive way to make significant advancements.
- •Osteoarthritis is a “total joint disease,” with many different tissue types contributing to the pain response.
- •Cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1β, matrix metalliproteinase-13, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-α are all major players in the catabolic process of degenerative joint disease.
- •Osteoarthritis cannot be cured, but can be managed quite effectively with a multi-modal approach.
- •As cancer progresses, changing factors may complicate the pain state. Only through an understanding of the mechanisms associated with dynamic cancer pain, can we manage patients' pain with evidence-based confidence.
Keywords
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Footnotes
The author has nothing to disclose.
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