Advertisement
Review Article| Volume 42, ISSUE 2, P237-250, March 2012

Download started.

Ok

Pet Food Recalls and Pet Food Contaminants in Small Animals

  • Karyn Bischoff
    Correspondence
    Corresponding author. Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, PO Box 5786, Room A2 232, Ithaca, NY 14853-5786
    Affiliations
    New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Center, PO Box 5786, Room A2, 232, Ithaca, NY 13081, USA

    Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, PO Box 5786, Room A2 232, Ithaca, NY 14853-5786, USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • Wilson K. Rumbeiha
    Affiliations
    Veterinary Diagnostics and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 2659 Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011, USA
    Search for articles by this author
Published:January 09, 2012DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.12.007
      Most pet foods are safe. Only 1.7% of reported poisonings in dogs and cats have been attributed to pet foods.
      • Dzanis D.
      Anatomy of a recall.
      Incidents of contamination occur through microbial action, mixing error, or intentional adulteration. Although rare, the effects of pet food contamination can be physically devastating for companion animals and emotionally devastating and financially burdensome for their owners. Whereas most people consume a diet from various sources, for companion animals a single bag of food or cans from a single brand/lot will likely be the major or sole source of nutrition until that food has been completely consumed. Thus, the effects of food contaminants in people is diluted by the varied diet, but the uniform diet of most dogs and cats, although preferred for nutritional reasons, increases the risk of adverse effects if a contaminant is present in their food. As the companion animal veterinarian is aware, many animal owners consider their dog or cat to be a vulnerable family member that needs to be protected.
      • Feng T.
      • Keller L.R.
      • Wang L.
      • et al.
      Product quality risk perception and decisions: contaminated pet food and lead-painted toys.
      Based on the authors' experiences, pet owners often experience seemingly disproportionate guilt when pets become sickened or die after being unknowingly fed contaminated pet foods. Some owners have described feeling responsible for poisoning their pet during pet food contamination incidents.

      Keywords

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.

      Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Dzanis D.
        Anatomy of a recall.
        Top Comp Anim Med. 2008; 23: 133-136
        • Feng T.
        • Keller L.R.
        • Wang L.
        • et al.
        Product quality risk perception and decisions: contaminated pet food and lead-painted toys.
        Risk Anal. 2010; 30: 1572-1589
        • Rumbeiha W.
        • Morrison J.
        A review or class I and class II pet food recalls involving chemical contaminants from 1996 to 2008.
        J Med Toxicol. 2011; 7: 60-66
        • Anonymous
        Jerky treats from China could be causing illness in pets.
        J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2007; 231: 1183
        • May K.
        Remain vigilant for illness possibly linked to chicken jerky treat consumption.
        (Accessed December 6, 2011)
      1. Thompson MF, Fleeman LM, Arteaga A, et al. Proximal renal tubulopathy in dogs exposed to a common dried chicken treat: a retrospective study of 99 cases (2007–2009) [abstract 1]. Small Animal Medicine chapter meeting at ACVSc Science Week. Surfers Paradise, Australia, July 2009. p. 1.

        • Bhalla V.
        • Grimm P.C.
        • Chertow G.M.
        • et al.
        Melamine nephrotoxicity: an emerging epidemic in an era of globalization.
        Kidney Int. 2009; 75: 774-779
        • Cocchi M.
        • Vascellari M.
        • Galina A.
        • et al.
        Canine nephrotoxicosis induced by melamine-contaminated pet food in Italy.
        J Vet Med Sci. 2010; 72: 103-107
        • Gonzalez J.
        • Puschner B.
        • Perez V.
        • et al.
        Nephrotoxicosis in Iberian piglets subsequent to exposure to melamine and derivatives in Spain between 2003 and 2006.
        J Vet Diagn Invest. 2009; 21: 558-563
        • Osborne C.A.
        • Lulich J.P.
        • Ulrich J.L.
        Melamine and cyanuric acid-induced crystalluria, uroliths, and nephrotoxicity in dogs and cats.
        Vet Clin N Am Sm Anim. 2008; 39: 1-14
        • Yhee J.Y.
        • Brown C.
        • Yu C.H.
        • et al.
        Retrospective study of melamine/cyanuric acid-induced renal failure in dogs in Korea between 2003 and 2004.
        Vet Pathol. 2009; 46: 348-354
        • Singh M.
        • Thompson M.
        • Sullivan N.
        Thiamin deficiency in dogs due to the feeding of sulphite-preserved meat.
        Aust Vet J. 2005; 85: 412-417
        • Steel R.
        Thiamin deficiency in a cat associated with the preservation of ‘pet meat’ with sulfur dioxide.
        Aust Vet J. 1997; 75: 719-721
        • Studdert V.P.
        • Lubac R.H.
        Thiamin deficiency in cats and dogs associated with feeding meat preserved with sulfur dioxide.
        Aust Vet J. 1991; 68: 54-57
        • Hughs D.M.
        • Gahl M.J.
        • Graham C.H.
        • et al.
        Overt signs of toxicity to dogs and cats of dietary deoxynivalenol.
        J An Sci. 1999; 3: 693-711
        • Puschner B.
        Mycotoxins.
        Vet Clin N Am Small Anim. 2002; 32: 409-419
        • Meerdink G.L.
        Mycotoxins.
        in: Plumlee K.H. Clinical veterinary toxicology. Mosby, St Louis (MO)2004: 231
        • Newbern P.M.
        • Butler W.H.
        Acute and chronic effects of aflatoxin on the liver of domestic and laboratory animals: a review.
        Cancer Res. 1969; 29: 236
        • Liggett A.D.
        • Colvin B.M.
        • Beaver B.W.
        • et al.
        Canine aflatoxicosis: a continuing problem.
        Vet Hum Toxicol. 1986; 28: 428-430
        • Stenske K.A.
        • Smith J.R.
        • Shelly J.N.
        • et al.
        Aflatoxicosis in dogs and dealing with suspected contaminated commercial foods.
        J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006; 228: 1686
        • Hooser S.B.
        • Talcott P.A.
        Mycotoxins.
        in: Peterson M.E. Talcott P.A. Small animal toxicology. 2nd edition. Elsevier Saunders, St Louis (MO)2006: 888-897
        • Valdivia A.G.
        • Martinez A.
        • Damian F.J.
        • et al.
        Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine to reduce the effects of aflatoxin B1 intoxication in broiler chickens.
        Poultry Sci. 2001; 80: 727
        • Bingham A.K.
        • Huebner H.J.
        • Phillips T.D.
        • et al.
        Identification and reduction of urinary aflatoxin metabolites in dogs.
        Food Chem Toxicol. 2004; 42: 1851
        • Tedesco D.
        • Steidler S.
        • Gallette S.
        • et al.
        Effects of silymarin-phosphide complex in reducing the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in broiler chickens.
        Poultry Sci. 2004; 83: 1839-1843
        • Miller D.M.
        • Wilson D.E.
        Veterinary diseases related to aflatoxins.
        in: Eaton D.L. Groopman J.D. The toxicology of aflatoxins. Academic Press, San Diego (CA)1994: 347-364
        • Bastianello S.S.
        • Nesbit J.W.
        • Willliams M.C.
        • et al.
        Pathological findings in a natural outbreak of aflatoxicosis in dogs.
        Onderspoort J Vet Res. 1987; 64: 635
        • Dereszynski D.M.
        • Center S.
        • Randolph J.F.
        • et al.
        Clinical and clinicopathologic features of dogs that consumed foodborne hepatotoxic aflatoxins: 72 cases (2005-2006).
        J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008; 232: 1329-1337
        • Bischoff K.
        • Ramiah S.K.
        Liver toxicity.
        in: Gupta R.C. Veterinary toxicology basic and clinical principles. Elsevier, New York2007: 145-160
        • Rastogi R.
        • Srivastava A.K.
        • Rastogi A.K.
        Long term effects of aflatoxin B(1) on lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney: effect of picroliv and silymarin.
        Phytother Res. 2001; 15: 307-310
        • Cho D.Y.
        • Frey R.A.
        • Guffy M.M.
        • et al.
        Hypervitaminosis A in the dog.
        Am J Vet Res. 1975; 36: 1597-1603
        • Polizopoulou Z.S.
        • Patsikas M.N.
        • Roubies N.
        Hypervitaminosis A in the cat: a case report and review of the literature.
        J Feline Med Surg. 2005; 7: 363-368
        • Garosi L.S.
        • Dennis R.
        • Platt S.R.
        • et al.
        Thiamine deficiency in a dog: clinical, clinicopathologic, and magnetic resonance imaging findings.
        J Vet Intern Med. 2003; 17: 719-723
        • Penderis J.
        • McConnell J.F.
        • Calvin J.
        Magnetic resonance imaging features of thiamine deficiency in a cat.
        Vet Rec. 2007; 160: 270-272
        • Davidson M.
        Thiamin deficiency in a colony of cats.
        Vet Rec. 1992; 130: 94-97
        • Everett G.
        Observations on the behavior and neurophysiology of acute thiamin deficient cats.
        Am J Physiol. 1944; 141: 439-448
        • Malik R.
        • Sibraa D.
        Thiamin deficiency due to sulfur dioxide preservative in ‘pet meat’: a case of deja vu.
        Aust Vet J. 2005; 83: 408-411
        • Read D.H.
        • Harrington D.D.
        Experimentally induced thiamine deficiency in beagle dogs: clinical observations.
        Am J Vet Res. 1981; 42: 984-991
        • Rubin L.
        Atlas of veterinary ophthalmoscopy.
        in: Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia (PA)1974: 258
        • Plumb D.
        Veterinary drug handbook. 4th edition. PharmaVet Publishing, White Bear Lake (MN)2002: 788-789
        • Leow F.M.
        • Martin C.L.
        • Dunlop R.H.
        • et al.
        Naturally-occurring and experimental thiamin deficiency in cats receiving commercial cat food.
        Can Vet J. 1970; 11: 109-113
        • Cianciolo R.E.
        • Bischoff K.
        • Ebel J.G.
        • et al.
        Clinicopathologic, histologic, and toxicologic findings in 70 cats inadvertently exposed to pet food contaminated with melamine and cyanuric acid.
        J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008; 233: 729-737
        • Skinner C.H.
        • Thompson J.D.
        • Osterloh J.D.
        Melamine toxicity.
        J Med Toxicol. 2010; 6: 50-55
        • Lewin-Smith M.R.
        • Kalasinsky J.F.
        • Mullick F.G.
        • et al.
        Melamine containing crystals in the urinary tract of domestic animals: sentinel event?.
        Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2009; 133: 341-342
        • Hau A.K.
        • Kwan T.H.
        • Lee P.K.
        Melamine toxicity in the kidney.
        J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009; 20: 245-250
        • Reimschussel R.
        • E Evans E.
        • Andersen W.C.
        • et al.
        Residue depletion of melamine and cysnuric acid in catfish and rainbow trout following oral administration.
        Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2009; 33: 172-182
        • Melnick R.L.
        • Boorman G.A.
        • Haseman J.K.
        • et al.
        Urolithiasis and bladder carcinogenicity of melamine in rodents.
        Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984; 72: 292-303
        • Clark R.
        Melamine crystalluria in sheep.
        J S Afr Vet Med Assoc. 1966; 37: 349-351
        • Lipschitz W.L.
        • Stokey E.
        The mode of action of three new diuretics: melamine, adenine, and formoguanamine.
        J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1945; 82: 235-249
        • Canelli E.
        Chemical, bacteriological, and toxicological properties of cyanuric acid and chlorinated isocyanurates as applied to swimming pool disinfection, a review.
        Am J Public Health. 1974; 64: 155-162
        • Puschner B.
        • Poppenga R.H.
        • Lowenstine L.J.
        • et al.
        Assessment of melamine and cyanuric acid toxicity in cats.
        J Vet Diagn Invest. 2007; 19: 616-624
        • Reimschuessel R.
        • Gieseker C.M.
        • Miller R.A.
        • et al.
        Evaluation of the renal effects of experimental feeding of melamine and cyanuric acid to fish and pigs.
        Am J Vet Res. 2008; 69: 1217-1228
        • Gao J.
        • Shen Y.
        • Sun N.
        • et al.
        Therapeutic effects of potassium sodium, hydrogen citrate on melamine-induced urinary calculi in China.
        Chinese Med J. 2010; 123: 1112-1116
        • Thompson M.E.
        • Lewin-Smith M.R.
        • Kalasinsky V.F.
        • et al.
        Characterization of melamine-containing and calcium oxalate crystals in three dogs with suspected pet food-induced nephrotoxicosis.
        Vet Path. 2008; 55: 417-426
        • Anonymous
        Specialists confer about the pet food recall.
        J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2007; 233: 1603
        • Wen J.G.
        • Li Z.Z.
        • Zhang H.
        • et al.
        Melamine related bilateral renal calculi in 50 children: single center experience in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
        J Urol. 2010; 183: 1533-1538