The macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are parasiticides able to kill a wide variety of arthropods
and nematodes. They have a high margin of safety for labeled indications, and ivermectin
has become the best selling antiparasitic in the world.
1
Dogs of certain breeds and mixtures of those breeds have a defect in the ABCB1 gene (formerly MDR1 gene) that results in a lack of functional P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which leads to
accumulation of the MLs in the central nervous system (CNS) and a higher risk of adverse
effects when exposed. With toxicosis, CNS signs such as ataxia, lethargy, coma, tremors,
seizures, mydriasis, and blindness predominate. In general, the MLs have a long half-life
and therefore exposure results in a long duration of illness when overdoses occur.
There is no specific antidote for ML toxicosis so the most important part of treatment
is good supportive care.Keywords
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Article info
Footnotes
PAE was supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant K08 ES017045.
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Identification
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© 2012 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
