Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a defined as a morphologic defect of the heart or
associated great vessels present at birth. Abnormalities are caused by alterations
or arrests in particular phases of embryonic development of the fetal heart. The term
congenital does not imply that the defect was inherited, and the defect may have occurred spontaneously
or secondary to a drug or toxin. By studying families of animals with specific CHDs,
many defects have also been shown to be heritable. Additionally, if the defect was
caused by a spontaneous de novo mutation, that individual has the potential to transmit
the mutation to offspring. The diagnosis of CHD is important not only to the health
of the patient but to eliminate affected individuals from the breeding pool.
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