Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORL) were first recognized and histologically
differentiated from caries in the 1920s [
1
,
2
]. Some anecdotal reports describing caries-like lesions at the cervical region of
feline teeth followed in the 1950s and 1960s, until two microscopic studies in the
1970s again revealed that FORL were not caries but a type of tooth resorption [
3
,
4
]. A recent study showed that cats with FORL have a significantly lower urine specific
gravity and significantly higher serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD)
compared with cats without FORL [
[5]
], indicating that multiple tooth resorption in domestic cats could be the manifestation
of some systemic insult rather than a local cause. In this article, the histologic
and radiographic appearance of FORL and certain other peculiarities of feline teeth
are reviewed. An attempt is then made to compare these findings with changes of the
periodontium induced by administration of excess vitamin D or vitamin D metabolites
in experimental animals.To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.
Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal PracticeAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- The process of osteolysis and odontolysis, or so-called “absorption” of calcified tissues: a new and original investigation.Dental Cosmos. 1930; 72: 1036-1048
- Feline “odontolysis” in the 1920s: the forgotten histopathological study of feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORL).J Vet Dent. 1998; 15: 35-41
- Histologie et histopathologie dentaires du chat.Sci Rech Odontostomatol. 1971; 7: 29-32
- Neck lesions in the teeth of cats.Vet Rec. 1976; 99: 100
- The role of calciotropic factors in the etiology of feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORL).([thesis]) University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna2004
Reiter AM. Biology of alveolar bone and tooth resorbing cells. In: Proceedings of the 12th Annual Veterinary Dental Forum. New Orleans, 1998. p. 225–7.
- Cytodifferentiation of the odontoclast prior to the shedding of human deciduous teeth: an ultrastructural and cytochemical study.Anat Rec. 1996; 244: 33-49
- Mapping the radiographic central point of feline dental resorptive lesions.J Vet Dent. 2004; 21: 15-21
- Microradiography of the feline marginal periodontium with a microfocal high-resolution x-ray system.Scand J Dent Res. 1994; 102: 284-289
- Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions. An unsolved enigma in veterinary dentistry.Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract. 2002; 32: 791-837
- Tierzahnheilkunde bei Katzen unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Aetiologie und Therapie von “Neck-Lesions”.([thesis]) Munich University, Faculty of Human Medicine, Munich1997
- A histopathological study of neck lesions in feline teeth.J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1993; 29: 216-220
- Etiopathogenesis of feline dental resorptive lesions.Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract. 1992; 22: 1385-1404
- Periodontal disease in the domestic cat. A histopathologic study.J Periodont Res. 1984; 19: 67-75
- Pathogenese, Diagnostik und Therapie bei “neck lesions” der Katze unter Verwendung von Glas-Ionomer-Zementen.([thesis]) Free University of Berlin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Berlin1996
- Histologische Untersuchungen zu Fruehveraenderungen der Felinen Odontoklastischen Resorptiven Laesionen (FORL) an klinisch gesunden Zaehnen.([thesis]) Free University of Berlin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Berline2002
- Root resorption.in: Cohen S. Burns R.C. Pathways of the pulp. 6th edition. Mosby-Year Book, St. Louis1994: 486-512
- Comparison of periodontitis and root replacement in cat teeth with resorptive lesions.J Vet Dent. 2002; 19: 71-75
- “Neck Lesion” bei Grosskatzen; Untersuchungen beim Leoparden (Panthera pardus).Kleintierpraxis. 1995; 40: 537-549
- Epidemiologische und morphologische Untersuchungen am Katzengebiß. II. Mitteilung: Morphologische Untersuchungen der “neck lesions”.Kleintierpraxis. 1982; 27: 179-188
- Idiopathic resorption of teeth. A report of three cases.Am J Orthod. 1986; 89: 13-20
- The pattern of resorption and repair of human cementum.J Am Dent Assoc. 1951; 42: 270-290
- Expression of adhesion molecules during tooth resorption in feline teeth: a model system for aggressive osteoclastic activity.J Dent Res. 1996; 75: 1650-1657
- The periodontal tissue of mandibular premolars and molars in some mammals. A comparative anatomical study.Svensk Tandlakare-Tidskrift. 1969; 62: 1-54
- Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions: unveiling the early lesion.J Small Anim Pract. 2002; 43: 482-488
Reiter AM. Etiopathology of feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORL). In: Proceedings of the 12th Annual Veterinary Dental Forum. New Orleans, 1998. p. 228–34.
- Resorption of enamel and dentine in the unerupted tooth.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1958; 11: 79-85
- Cementum—changes with age, function, and infection.in: Kronfeld's histopathology of the teeth and their surrounding structures. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia1955: 258-272
- Resorption of embedded teeth.J Am Dent Assoc. 1945; 32: 1003-1009
- Hypercementosis in relation to unerupted and malposed teeth. A preliminary report.J Dent Res. 1931; 11: 159-174
- Correlation of hypercementosis with toxic goiter. A preliminary report.J Dent Res. 1951; 30: 734-736
- The effects of endocrine disorders on the jaws and teeth.in: Stones' oral and dental diseases. Aetiology, histopathology, clinical features and treatment. 5th edition. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore1966: 30-48
- The significance of hypercementosis.Dent Cosmos. 1931; 73: 1065-1069
- Endocrines and dentistry.J Am Dent Assoc. 1943; 30: 595-603
- The dental tissues in osteitis deformans.Guys Hosp Rep. 1938; 88: 163-171
- Monostotic Paget's disease of the mandible presenting with progressive resorption of the teeth.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1978; 46: 246-253
- Paget's disease involving the maxilla and the mandible: report of a case.J Oral Surg. 1946; 4: 114-115
- Cementum: abnormalities associated with its formation.in: Stones' oral and dental diseases. Aetiology, histopathology, clinical features and treatment. 5th edition. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore1966: 447-467
- Dietary deficiency, nerve lesions and the dental tissues.J Physiol. 1937; 88: 62-77
- Das Verhaeltnis der Zement- und Periodontalbreiten zur funktionellen Beanspruchung der Zaehne.Z Stomatol. 1931; 29: 44-62
- Die Zementhyperplasien an nicht funktionierenden Zaehnen.Z Stomatol. 1927; 25: 1218-1227
- The gingiva.in: Newman M.G. Takei H.H. Carranza F.A. Carranza's clinical periodontology. 9th edition. WB Saunders, Philadelphia2002: 16-35
- The periosteum and peridental membranes.Dent Rev. 1887; 1 (353–65): 233-243
- Subgingival odontoclastic resorptive lesions. Classification, treatment and results in 58 cats.Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract. 1992; 22: 1417-1432
- Periodontal response to external forces.in: Newman M.G. Takei H.H. Carranza F.A. Carranza's clinical periodontology. 9th edition. WB Saunders, Philadelphia2002: 371-383
Lukman K, Pavlica Z, Juntes P. Prevalence patterns and histological survey of feline dental resorptive lesions. In: Proceedings of the 8th Annual Scientific Meeting of the British Veterinary Dental Association. Birmingham, 1996.
- Blood vessels of the dental pulp.Anat Rec. 1942; 82: 25-37
- Changes in periodontal membrane and bone following experimental pulpal injury in deciduous molar teeth in kittens.Arch Oral Biol. 1965; 10: 279-289
- Furcation canals of the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar teeth in cats.J Vet Dent. 2004; 21: 10-14
- Lacunae or tubular structures in dentin of feline teeth.J Anim Res Found. 1993; 2: 7-14
Okuda A, Harvey CE. Histopathological findings of features of odontoclastic resorptive lesions in cat teeth with periodontitis. In: Proceedings of the 5th Annual Veterinary Dental Forum. New Orleans, 1991. p. 141–4.
Berger M, Stich H, Schaffner T, et al. Testimony from a silent late medieval witness—what can it tell us about FORL? In: Proceedings of the 13th European Congress of Veterinary Dentistry. Krakow, 2004. p. 17–8 (plus addendum).
- Zur Pathologie der Zahn- und Zahnbetterkrankungen bei Felis silvestris forma catus.([thesis]) Hamburg University, Faculty of Human Medicine, Hamburg1993
Harvey CE, Alston WE. Dental diseases in cat skulls acquired before 1960. In: Proceedings of the 4th Annual Veterinary Dental Forum. Las Vegas, 1992. p. 41–3.
- Biochemical markers of bone turnover in the domestic cat: relationships with age and feline osteoclastic resorptive lesions.J Nutr. 2002; 132: 1742S-1744S
Clarke DE, Cameron A. Feline dental resorptive lesions in domestic and feral cats and the possible link with diet. In: Proceedings of the 5th World Veterinary Dental Congress. Birmingham, 1997. p. 33–4.
- Dietary vitamin D dependance of cat and dog due to inadequate cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D.Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1994; 96: 12-18
- Nutrient requirements of cats.National Academy Press, Washington, DC1986 (p. 4, 15, 16, 23, 56)
- Growing kittens require less dietary calcium than current allowances.J Nutr. 1999; 129: 1698-1704
- Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D in growing kittens is related to dietary intake of cholecalciferol.J Nutr. 1999; 129: 909-912
- Vitamin D synthesis by kittens.Vet Clin Nutr. 1996; 3: 88-92
- Dietary calcinosis in the cat.J Anim Clin Res Found. 1992; 1: 9-16
- Vitamin D toxicosis in cats: natural outbreak and experimental study.J Vet Med Sci. 1995; 57: 831-837
- Feline vitamin D toxicosis caused by commercially available cat food.J Jpn Vet Med Assoc. 1993; 46: 577-581
- Chronic ingestion of high concentrations of cholecalciferol in cats.Am J Vet Res. 2001; 62: 1500-1506
- Vitamin D: photobiology, metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications.in: Favus M.J. Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. 4th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia1999: 92-98
- Effect of osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand on osteoclast formation by arthroplasty membrane derived macrophages.Ann Rheum Dis. 2000; 59: 26-31
- The ligand for osteoprotegerin (OPGL) directly activates mature osteoclasts.J Cell Biol. 1999; 145: 527-538
- Stress-induced cervical lesions.J Prosthet Dent. 1992; 67: 718-722
- Possible role of tensile stress in the etiology of cervical erosive lesions of teeth.J Prosthet Dent. 1984; 52: 374-380
- Stress-induced cervical lesions: review of advances in the past 10 years.J Prosthet Dent. 1996; 75: 487-494
- Idiopathic cervical lesions: in vivo investigation by oral microendoscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A pilot study.J Oral Rehabil. 1993; 20: 1-9
- Stresses at the dentinoenamel junction of human teeth.J Prosthet Dent. 1991; 66: 451-459
- An alternative hypothesis from veterinary science for the pathogenesis of noncarious cervical lesions.Quintessence Int. 2000; 31: 475-482
- Acquired feline oral cavity disease. Part 2: feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions.In Pract. 2000; 22: 188-197
- Resorption and repair on the surface of the root.J Am Dent Assoc. 1928; 15: 1768-1777
- Two cases of root resorption.Dental Cosmos. 1928; 70: 461-462
- The reaction of cementum in the presence of injury and infection.J Am Dent Assoc. 1931; 18: 499-525
- An unusual case of furcation external resorption.Int Endod J. 2000; 33: 530-533
- Multiple external root resorption.J Am Dent Assoc. 1989; 118: 453-455
- Treatment of root and alveolar bone resorption associated with bruxism.Br Dent J. 1991; 170: 445-447
- An analysis of causes of apical root resorption in patients not treated orthodontically.Quintessence Int. 1993; 24: 417-428
- Histologic and histometric study of experimental occlusal trauma in rats.J Periodontol. 1963; 34: 305-314
- Histopathologic and autoradiographic studies of the changes of the rat periodontium in experimental traumatic occlusion.Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ. 1968; 15: 339-357
- Tissue changes in traumatic occlusion.J Am Dent Assoc. 1928; 15: 2090-2106
- Periodontal reaction to functional occlusal stress.J Periodontol. 1959; 30: 95-112
- Microradiography and histology of decalcified human teeth following experimental intrusion; with emphasis on resorption.Arch Oral Biol. 1969; 14: 1355-1364
- Experimental occlusal trauma.J Periodontol. 1955; 26: 270-284
- Experimental depression of teeth.Am J Orthod Oral Surg. 1945; 31: 21-36
- Tooth resorption.in: Kronfeld's histopathology of the teeth and their surrounding structures. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia1955: 273-296
- Reduction by calciphylaxis of the effects of chronic dihydrotachysterol overdose upon the periodontium.J Dent Res. 1965; 44: 734-749
- Die Kalziphylaxie im Zahnmark.Stoma (Heidelb). 1968; 21: 101-109
- Topical injury as a means of producing calcification at predetermined points with dihydrotachysterol (DHT).Proc Zool Soc. 1960; 13: 1-3
- Role of local trauma in the production of cutaneous calcinosis by dihydrotachysterol.Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1960; 104: 409-411
- The influence of methyl testosterone on dihydrotachysterol intoxication as it affects the periodontium.J Oral Ther Pharmacol. 1966; 2: 353-361
- The responses of injured and noninjured rat periodontal tissues to a single administration of dihydrotachysterol.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1967; 23: 531-537
- The effect of hypervitaminosis D on the periodontal membrane collagen in lathyritic rats.J Periodont Res. 1967; 2: 121-126
- The effects of dihydrotachysterol and ferric dextran upon the periodontium in the rat.Arch Oral Biol. 1966; 11: 1017-1026
- Experimental study on the physio-pathological changes of periodontal tissues.Bull Stomatol Kyoto Univ. 1969; 9: 101-140
- The histological changes of alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal fiber due to experimental progeria-like syndrome of the rat.J Jpn Assoc Periodontol. 1981; 23: 357-366
- Effect of vitamin D overdosage on the tooth and bone development of rabbits.Chin J Stomatol. 1992; 27 (319): 296-299
- Experimentelle D3-Hypervitaminose bei Ferkeln.Zentrabl Veterinarmed A. 1963; 10: 322-349
- Experimental studies in calcification. VIII. The effect of large doses of calciferol on the dentin of the incisor in normal and nephrectomized rats.J Dent Res. 1949; 28: 362-368
- The effect of toxic doses of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on dental tissues in the rat.Arch Oral Biol. 1982; 27: 915-923
- Nuove ricerche sugli effetti sperimentali della somministrazione di una alta dose di vitamina D2 nei tessuti dentali e paradentali del ratto.Riv Ital Stomatol. 1952; 7: 373-410
- Experimentelle Untersuchung ueber die Wirkung grosser Dosen Vigantol auf Knochen und Zaehne.Klin Wochenschr. 1929; 8: 841-842
- Untersuchungen an Knochen und Zaehnen der Ratte bei Verfuetterung grosser Dosen D-Vitamin.Dtsch Mschr Zahnheilk. 1933; 51 (625–54): 577-603
- Dangerous effects of vitamin D overdosage on dental and paradental structures.J Am Dent Assoc. 1942; 29: 1947-1968
- The effects of a single massive dose of vitamin D2 (D-stoss therapy) on oral and other tissues of young dogs.Am J Orthod Oral Surg. 1946; 32: 452-462
- Changes in oral structures of the dog persisting after chronic overdoses of vitamin D.Am J Orthod Oral Surg. 1946; 32: 463-471
- Effects of hypervitaminosis D on bones and teeth of rats.Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1971; 41: 480-489
- Effects of hypervitaminosis D on the periodontium of the hamster.J Dent Res. 1961; 40: 870-877
- Mode of action of vitamin D.Biochem J. 1931; 25: 367-390
- Chronic moderate hypervitaminosis D in young dogs.Am J Physiol. 1947; 149: 319-332
- Effect of dihydrotachysterol on the periodontal tissues in rats.Aichi-Gakuin J Dent Sci. 1990; 28: 367-387
- The changes of parodontal tissues of rat, caused by the administration of dihydrotachysterol.Shigaku. 1971; 59: 219-245
- Experimental study on the effect of sexual hormones and calcification enhancing substances on growth of the alveolar bone.Bull Stomatol Kyoto Univ. 1970; 10: 31-60
- The effect of fluoride on the periodontal tissues of dihydrotachysterol administered rats.Bull Josai Dent Univ. 1985; 14: 343-354
- The effect of a single massive dose of vitamin D2 on young dogs.Am J Physiol. 1947; 149: 333-339
- The effect of chronic dihydrotachysterol overdosage on the tissues of the periodontium.Periodontics. 1964; 2: 277-283
- Histopathological study of experimental hypervitaminosis D2 on the periodontium of the rat.Shikwa Gakuho. 1969; 69: 539-593
- The effect of dihydrotachysterol on the teeth and periodontium.J Periodontol. 1964; 35: 320-325
- The effect of dihydrotachysterol and ferric dextran on the teeth and periodontium of the rat.J Oral Ther Pharmacol. 1964; 1: 7-22
- The histological study on osteoid- and cementoid-like tissues of rats treated with dihydrotachysterol.Bull Josai Dent Univ. 1987; 16: 307-322
- Studies on experimental stimulation of ossification in the paradental tissues of rats and blood level of Ca, P and alkaline phosphatase in them.Bull Stomatol Kyoto Univ. 1968; 8: 191-244
Article info
Identification
Copyright
© 2005 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
